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How Does Machine Espresso Work? Machine espresso employs precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the delicious coffee we enjoy. How does it work exactly? Espresso is produced by pushing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the difference is in the pressure. The Group Head The group head is the portafilter you insert when brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are various kinds of group head, each with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion features, and others are designed to control the lever. There are some that include a mix of features, such as the E61, which is the most popular choice among baristas for its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package. As you can see in the photo above The group head features numerous notches that you can place your portafilter and then twist it by hand to lock it in. There is also a gasket made from rubber which is located inside the notches to help create an airtight seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches allow for an exact placement of the portafilter. This is essential for a consistent extraction. The group head not only lets you to insert your portafilter easily however it also keeps an even temperature. This is done by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket, making sure that the temperature is at the right level to extract the coffee. It is important to realize that even a few degree difference can make the difference between a good and great espresso. The Pump The motorized pumps in espresso machines that rotate provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required for espresso extraction. This is different from manually operated piston machines that employ a lever. The pressure is created by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee. Pumps are generally less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can degrade because of excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also make mechanically complex and can lead to costly prices for even the simplest models. Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. The drawback of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to boiling which could lead to over-extraction. They also have to constantly rebuild their pressure in between cups. This requires energy and time. Many espresso machines use a rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model makes use of a vibrating disk to generate pressure, whereas a Rotary model pushes hot coffee through the ground at high speed. Both types of machine can produce an excellent espresso, but rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps. The Boiler The boiler is what makes the water warm to a temperature that is ideal to extract. The steam that is produced will eventually reach the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then poured into the cup. During coffeee causes enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso. There are three distinct types of espresso machines, each with different pumps and brew temperature. There are various ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine. The first espresso machines were steam types. The earliest espresso machines were steam-type machines. This resulted in the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was developed by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni. The most commonly used espresso maker is a semi-automatic machine that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they think of these machines. With a semi-automatic machine you grind the beans and then tamp them yourself but the pump is able to regulate the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent solution that combines human control with mechanised accuracy. The Filter Espresso machines usually have a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, since it stops overheating. It also aids in flavor, as it can allow for a longer bloom phase. This allows the beans to release their nuances, and improves extraction. It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can produce a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, as well as the extraction, remain crucial. It's in this area that the magic takes place. This is the reason why espresso tastes so good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the device that you put the grounds of coffee into when making espresso. Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight vessel to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee at high pressure. These types of machines are usually cheaper and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars. In recent years, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump are becoming increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water through the grounds, and are far more portable than steam-driven electric machines.